The article examines the main trends in the development of the global art market in 2025 and analyzes its key indicators. It is noted that after the decline of previous years, the market has shown moderate growth, although it has not yet reached its maximum values. The geographical structure of the art market is highlighted, where the leading positions are occupied by the USA, Great Britain and China. Special attention is paid to the dealer and auction segments, their results and changes in the sales structure. An increase in the value of expensive works of art and a simultaneous decline in the middle and lower price segments are noted, which indicates market polarization. The demand for various areas of art is also analyzed: interest in classical art periods is growing, while contemporary art is showing a slight decline. The article provides examples of the most successful sales and prominent artists of the year. The main challenges of the art market are outlined, in particular, the growth of costs and the decline in online sales, and the general cautious optimism regarding its further development is emphasized.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of terminal value within the framework of ISV-2025 andt he features of its determination in the discounted cash flow method. The main approaches to calculating terminal value are considered, in particular the Gordon growth model, the market approach and the liquidation value. The limitations of the application of the Gordon model are analyzed, especially for assets with a limited life or unstable income. An alternative approach to determining terminal value is proposed through the use of a value change coefficient, which allows taking into account real economic conditions. As a result, practical recommendations are formulated for a more justified application of the discounted cash flow method.

In this article, the authors explore practical methods for valuing paintings, using as an example the female portraits of Pablo Picasso sold at leading auctions. The main focus is on comparing two approaches: the S-rule, which is based on the area of the canvas taking into account the effect of scale, and the M-rule, which uses the sum of the lengths of the sides of the painting. The researchers prove that both methods give similar results, but the linear method is simpler and more convenient for quick calculations. At the same time, the paper emphasizes that the final price is significantly influenced by factors such as the history of ownership, the state of preservation and the period of the artist's work. The authors conclude that the analysis of the cost of a unit of area helps to determine a characteristic price range for the author, which allows predicting future sales on the art market.

This article discusses the essence of economic wear of property as a form of external depreciation arising from market environment factors, supply and demand, environmental, and other external conditions. It explains the difference between economic wear and physical and functional wear, and emphasizes that economic wear is inevitable, as it does not depend on the condition of the property itself. The role of economic wear in determining the market value of property within the cost approach is described, and the main stages of calculating the economic wear coefficient for real estate are presented. The article examines the relationship between economic depreciation and the liquidity of property and presents an indicative scale for determining its magnitude depending on market demand.

The World Association of Valuation Organisations (WAVO) has announced the launch of the WAVO Global Education Center, aimed at enhancing educational and professional standards in the valuation field. As part of this initiative, WAVO in cooperation with the International Valuation Standards Council (IVSC) has introduced a new online course, «Understanding IVS: Foundations of Global Valuation Practice.» The course provides participants with an introduction to the International Valuation Standards (IVS), their structure, development, and practical application. It is designed for valuers, auditors, investors, finance professionals, students, and anyone who prepares, reviews, or relies on valuation reports. Upon completion, participants receive an IVSC certificate and gain a solid foundation for the consistent and transparent application of valuation standards in international practice.

The article discusses five of the most extravagant art objects of the 20th century. The authors analyze the history of creation and reception of such works as «Fountain» by Marcel Duchamp, «Breakfast in Fur» by Meret Oppenheim, «Lobster Telephone» by Salvador Dali, «Artist’s Shit» by Piero Manzoni, and «Shorthair Cheese» by Robert Gobert. They not only describe the history of the creation of these works and the discussions surrounding their authorship and value, but also trace how provocation, concept, and market price shape the modern understanding of art. The article encourages us to think about where the line between art and ordinary objects is drawn and whether an idea can really be more important than form. Attention is focused on how these works changed the perception of art, provoked society, and influenced the art market.

The material considers the update of the indices of changes in the cost of production of mechanical engineering enterprises in accordance with the Methodology for determining damage and the amount of losses, approved by order of the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine and the State Property Fund of Ukraine. In connection with the publication of the index for 2025 (1.045), a new table of indicators as of 01.01.2026 is provided. The proposed indices and indexation coefficients are recommended to be used instead of Appendix 3 of the Methodology for estimates with a date after 2023.

The article analyzes the priority of the use of property, income and comparative approaches in the valuation of corporate rights in accordance with national and international valuation standards. It is substantiated that the use of all three approaches is not mandatory and should depend on the purpose of the valuation, the ownership structure and the availability of market information. Special attention is paid to the valuation of minority shares and the squeeze-out procedure, where the priority of the income approach is argued as one that reflects the economic logic of the shareholder and expectations of future income.

Dear colleagues! In connection with the transition to the new edition of the International Valuation Standards, the public organization «Pan-Ukrainian Association of Valuation Specialists» (PUAVS) plans to hold an online seminar «International Valuation Standards – 2025», which is credited to appraisers as participation in an event within the framework of advanced training in the field of property valuation «Valuation of real estate (real estate) and rights to them» – 8 academic hours (0.3 ECTS credits), which will be held via video conferencing on the ZOOM platform on February 17, 2026 from 10:00 to 17:00.

2025 became a defining stage in the transformation of valuation activities in Ukraine, initiating a deep reboot of the profession. Legislative innovations, updating the certification system and raising ethical standards significantly influenced the composition and quality of the professional community. The valuation market is gradually being cleansed of the formal approach and is moving to a model of responsibility and transparency. The material examines key changes and their significance for appraisers and service customers.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence on the field of contemporary art in the context of the rapid development of digital technologies. The phenomenon of generative AI, its use in the creation of visual content and the emergence of robot artists as new participants in the artistic process are considered. Special attention is paid to the public perception of «intellectual» art, competition between artists and technology companies, as well as the challenges faced by creative professions. A significant place in the work is occupied by the issue of copyright for works created with the help of AI, taking into account US case law, European Union legislation and the current state of legal regulation in Ukraine. It is emphasized that artificial intelligence does not replace human creativity, but changes the forms of artistic expression and requires further legal regulation.

The article considers the issue of inspection of the object of assessment, its identification and photo fixation in the process of conducting a property assessment. The requirements of the National Valuation Standards of Ukraine, International Valuation Standards (IVS) and European Valuation Standards (EVS) regarding the need to inspect the object of assessment are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the legislative requirement of mandatory personal inspection of the object by the appraiser, which is in effect in Ukraine since October 10, 2024, as well as possible methods of its implementation, in particular with the use of technical means. The concepts of inspection and identification of the object of assessment are delimited, the role of photo fixation and text description as evidence of the inspection is determined. Cases when inspection is impossible and requirements for substantiating the r elevant reservations in  the property appraisal report are separately considered.

For Pan-Ukrainian Association of Valuation Specialists (PUAVS), 2025 was a year of active professional development, analytical work, and deepening the integration of international approaches into national valuation practice. During the year, PUAVS focused on international valuation standards, ethical principles of the profession, practical aspects of valuation activities, and current regulatory changes.

The December 2025 edition of IVSC – International Valuation Standards Council e-Digest is now available, covering news and key developments in the field of valuation at the international level. It covers the release of IPEV 2025 Guidelines, the update of the International Valuation Standards (IVS), and the growing role of technology, artificial intelligence, sustainability and quality control in the work of valuers. It also highlights international events with IVSC participation, the development of digital and intangible asset valuation, and intellectual property-based financing initiatives. Overall, the issue highlights the importance of transparent, understandable and agreed valuation standards for making informed economic decisions.

Participating in the creation of forgeries or manipulating the dating of works of art are things that, it would seem, can only be expected from inveterate fraudsters, but, as history shows, sometimes even respected world-famous artists resorted to these tricks. Some were motivated by the desire to earn more, others by the thirst for fame. In addition, there is another «trick» that the public is usually not thrilled with: an artist can simply refuse to recognize the authorship of his own original works. Why? We will tell you about this later. We note that such things, fortunately, happen infrequently, but the losses that collectors, art dealers, and museums suffer as a result of such actions can be significant.

In order to promptly receive answers to today's urgent questions regarding the conduct of valuation and the development of valuation activities in Ukraine, The Pan-Ukrainian Association of Valuation Specialists (PUAVS) launched an online discussion club of the PUAVS – «Discourse PUAVS». This time, the online meeting of appraisers will be held to discuss general requirements for initial programs and professional training of appraisers, regulations on the Qualification and Disciplinary Commission of Appraisers, as well as issues related to the transition to new areas of assessment.

The article highlights the importance of ethics in the work of real estate appraisers. The author explains that dishonest or incorrect valuations – regardless of the reason – damage the profession and can cause financial losses. The main risks are described: data manipulation inflated or understated values, client pressure, lack of knowledge, and negligence. It is emphasized that an appraiser must remain objective, honest, and responsible, follow professional standards, and maintain independent judgment.

IVSC emphasizes the importance of a continuous constructive dialogue with IOSCO aimed at improving the quality of assessment and its role in transparent financial reporting. IOSCO, which brings together more than 200 regulators from 130 jurisdictions and covers 95% of the world’s securities markets, is a global standard-setter in the field of financial market regulation and actively cooperates with international organizations. IOSCO’s four regional committees ensure the exchange of experience between countries and support the development of best practices. Its Objectives and Principles for Securities Regulation, approved by the G20 and the FSB, are the basis for the formation of international regulatory standards and are used by IMF and World Bank to assess financial sectors within the framework of FSAP.

The response from the State Property Fund of Ukraine contains clarifications regarding the need to provide copies of appraiser’s qualification certificates in property valuation reports. The Fund notes that according to the Law of Ukraine «On Valuation of Property, Property Rights and Professional Appraisal Activities» and National Standard №1, such a requirement is not provided. It is sufficient to indicate in the report the details of the appraiser’s valid qualification certificate and the direction of the appraisal. The validity of the certificate can be checked through the State Register of Appraisers on the official website of the Fund. It is also emphasized that providing a copy of the certificate when concluding an appraisal contract is a voluntary decision of the appraiser.

PJ Patel, Co-CEO and Senior Managing Director and Board Member at VRC, shares his thoughts on the changing landscape of private markets, the growing role of data and AI, and the importance of professional valuation and global standards to ensure valuations remain credible, comparable, and relevant in a rapidly changing world. Among other things, he argues that expert valuation is more important than ever in the world of AI. VRC believes that AI should complement human expertise, not replace it. VRC prioritizes thoughtful integration, recognizing both the strengths and limitations of valuation technology, and focuses on AI tools that streamline routine tasks, increase efficiency, and scale.

IVSC 2025 Annual General Meeting and International Valuation Conference took place from 27 to 29 October in New Delhi, India, bringing together over 200 industry leaders from 46 countries. The event was a key milestone in the international dialogue on valuation, aimed at strengthening global standards, increasing transparency and developing the professional community. The three-day event featured IVSC Board meetings, an Advisory Forum and the True Values conference, which addressed key issues in contemporary practice, from the update of the International Valuation Standards to the impact of ESG, climate change, innovative technologies and artificial intelligence. Participants highlighted the need to support the next generation of values and strengthen cooperation across regions. The event reaffirmed IVSC’s role as a leading international centre for the development of valuation standards and set strategic directions for the profession. The next IVSC meeting will be held in Cologne, Germany in 2026.

The draft Law of Ukraine «On Property Valuation» provides for the creation of a single self-regulatory organization of appraisers (SRO), whose members automatically include all specialists entered in the Unified Register of Appraisers. The author emphasizes that such a norm violates the Constitution, as it forces appraisers to join an association without their consent. In addition, the introduction of only one SRO eliminates competition between the already existing six professional organizations and limits the self-government of appraisers. As a result, it is noted that instead of creating a single structure, it would be more expedient to improve the procedure for recognizing the status of several SRO and maintain voluntary membership.

The article is dedicated to three famous minimalist artists – Cy Twombly, Lucio Fontana and Carl Andre, who redefined the concept of art in the 20th century. Their works are distinguished by the simplicity of forms and materials, but at the same time have a deep meaning. Cy Twombly created canvases with chaotic lines, similar to children’s scribbles, which symbolized emotions and mythological images. Lucio Fontana became famous for his «holes» and «cuts» on canvases, through which he explored space and movement. Carl Andre is known for his sculptures made of brick and metal, which caused controversy about the boundaries of art. The authors of the article emphasize that these artists taught the world to see beauty in simplicity and proved that art can surprise even without complex forms and techniques.

In Ukraine, regulatory service life terms for real estate and movable property have been approved, defined in the relevant state documents. For residential buildings, these terms are given in the Standard of the State Housing and Utilities Service 75.11-35077234:НННН: 2009. For non-residential buildings and movable property, there is no single document yet. The first version of the collection of current regulatory documents has been presented, which is planned to be supplemented in the future.

The article introduces the reader to the most expensive sculptures in the world and their creators - Alberto Giacometti, Jeff Koons and Constantin Brancusi. The material presents the stories of the creation of legendary works, such as «Man Pointing», «Man Walking», «Rabbit» and «Sophisticated Young Girl», which have become true masterpieces of modern art. The authors tell about the path of the artists, artistic searches, curious cases and record auction sales that made these sculptures world sensations. The article emphasizes how the innovative ideas and bold experiments of the sculptors changed the perception of art of the 20th–21st centuries.

The article provides recommendations on the correct application of the Methodology for Determining Damage and Losses in terms of calculating lost profits if damage from Russian aggression occurred after 2022. Since the Methodology itself contains guidelines only for 2020–2021, it is proposed to replace them with the two years immediately preceding the year of damage. For calculations, it is necessary to use the average annual official UAH to USD exchange rates and the average yield on government bonds with a maturity of 3–5 years in the relevant year, which takes into account both the time value of money and the risk of Ukraine. All formulas of the Methodology remain valid, but are applied with updated indicators. The rules for determining the compounding rate and the assessment date, which must be established after the moment of damage and is limited to the compounding period, are separately clarified.

The article examines the «royalty exemption» method as the main method of valuing trademarks and patents. It explains that the value is determined through the perceived savings in royalty payments that would have to be paid for a license. Examples and tables of royalty rates for various types of businesses (industry, fashion, celebrities, characters, sports teams, etc.) are given. It also provides generalized royalty ranges as of 2025 for major sectors of the economy — from agriculture and mining to trade, transportation, medicine, and culture.

The article examines the types of auctions as an important tool for buying and selling goods, services, and assets. Four main models are described: English, Dutch, first-price auction, and second-price auction. Other types are also considered: hybrid, silent, Japanese, penny auctions, unique and full-payment auctions, combinatorial auctions, which are used in areas ranging from the sale of art and collectibles to advertising and mobile frequency allocation. The advantages of auctions are emphasized – competitiveness, speed, and convenience, the absence of geographical barriers online, as well as risks – collusion, «winner’s curse», fraud, and the approximation of some models to gambling.

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of copyright protection in Ukraine in accordance with the Law «On Copyright and Related Rights». The concept and range of subjects and objects of copyright, the conditions of its emergence, as well as the list of works subject to and not subject to protection are considered. The personal non-property rights of the author, which are lifelong and inalienable, and property rights that can be transferred to other persons and have a limited term of validity (70 years after the death of the author), are analyzed in detail. The features of the disposal of property rights through employment contracts, licenses and other transactions are outlined, and the difference between the right of ownership of the material carrier of the work and property copyrights are emphasized. The paper provides examples of judicial practice regarding copyright infringement and emphasizes changes in the field of free use of works after the adoption of new legislation.

In order to promptly receive answers to today's urgent questions regarding the conduct of valuation and the development of valuation activities in Ukraine, The Pan-Ukrainian Association of Valuation Specialists (PUAVS) launched an online discussion club of the PUAVS – «Discourse PUAVS». This time, the online meeting of appraisers will be held to discuss the meeting of appraisers with the People's Deputy of Ukraine regarding the draft of the new Law «On Property Valuation», requirements for inspecting objects, dates of valuation and damage, initial data for determining losses and lost profits, restoration costs, regulations on service life and other relevant issues.

The article considers the issue of a sufficient number of comparison objects when applying the comparative approach in property valuation. The author analyzes methods of adjusting adjusted prices, distinguishes between the concepts of «median» and «median value», explains their application in valuation. Using probabilistic calculations, it is substantiated that the optimal number of comparison objects is five analogues, since this provides 94% probability of including the median of the total price range between the extreme values of the sample.

The article examines who and how determines the value of art. The authors emphasize that the price does not always reflect the real artistic value. In the primary market, art dealers and galleries play a key role, controlling prices and shaping the reputation of artists. In the secondary market, the price is determined by auction houses and collectors, taking into account the provenance, rarity, and state of preservation of the work. Famous collectors, curators, art historians, and professional appraisers also have a significant influence. As a result, the value of art is formed by many factors and often does not coincide with its cultural or historical significance.

In the article the authors discuss original experiments of artists of the 20th–21st centuries. They show how painters abandoned classical tools and paints, creating works with the use of the most unexpected materials. Thus, Janet Sobel and Jackson Pollock employed the «dripping» method – splattering paint; Andy Warhol experimented with oxidation painting; Damien Hirst produced canvases on spinning surfaces; Dan Colen worked with chewing gum; and John Knuth involved flies in his art. Each of these techniques became a kind of challenge to traditional art and at the same time gained recognition in the art market. These examples demonstrate that contemporary painting can emerge from the most unexpected and even absurd ideas, while still remaining part of cultural heritage.

The empirical rule-based business valuation method is a business valuation method that applies a multiplier to a given financial indicator of a company based on general industry experience. This method is based on common sense and is recognized as approximately correct. More precisely, this can be conveyed with a quote from the book «Handbook of Business Valuation», Thomas L. West and Jeffry D. Jones «Without resorting to the analysis of large data sets, complex analysis of financial statements and other accounting data, empirical rules allow you to simply, quickly and fairly accurately determine the «eye» value of almost any business – an enterprise, a company or a share in it. The empirical rules themselves are nothing more than a home-made recipe used in valuation. Such a guide to action is easy to remember, and this signpost is placed somewhere in the middle between a mathematical formula and fortune-telling on coffee grounds...»

The paper, published by the International Valuation Standards Council (IVSC), examines the impact of modern technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), on the field of asset valuation. It assesses how AI is changing data sources, calculation models and the reporting process. The IVSC emphasizes that no technology can completely replace the professional judgment of the valuer, and AI serves only as a supporting tool. The paper includes an analysis of the new IVS 104 and 105 standards on the use of data and valuation models, risks (e.g., the «black box», AI hallucinations, privacy threats), as well as potential updates to IVS. It concludes with a list of questions for the professional community on experiences with implementing AI and cybersecurity in valuation.

Dafen is a village of artist-copyists in China that became the world’s largest center for mass-produced paintings. Since 1990s, local residents, under the leadership of entrepreneur Huang Jiang, began producing replicas of famous artworks, including those by Van Gogh, Leonardo da Vinci, and Warhol. By 2010s, over half of the world’s oil paintings came from Dafen. The village, filled with workshop-apartments, supplied artwork to hotels and restaurants, and today more artists aim to create original works. Dafen is also known for its giant replica of the Mona Lisa and is seen as a symbol of craftsmanship blended with mass art.

The article contains explanations and additions to the Methodology for Determining Damage and Losses Caused to Enterprises as a Result of Armed Aggression by the russian federation. The main attention is paid to updating the coefficients for indexing the value of property until 2025, changing the approaches to calculating the compounding rate (taking into account the transition from LIBOR to SOFR), and also specifying the methods for assessing losses from damage or destruction of property. It is proposed to use simplified formulas for determining losses and lost profits. Advice is provided on updating the value of movable and immovable property, in particular in cases where there is no original book value.

The article examines the main features of the formation of the value of paintings on the art market. The authors analyze why traditional economic approaches do not work in the case of art, because the price of a painting often does not depend on the costs of its creation. The price depends not on the costs of materials, but on intangible factors: the reputation of the artist, place of sale, fashion, etc. Two methods of assessment are considered: by the area of the painting and by the perimeter. Examples are given with the works of Picasso and Modigliani. It is emphasized that it is difficult to accurately assess art, but these methods provide a guideline. In conclusion, it is emphasized that it is difficult to establish an exact price due to the large number of irrational factors, but the formulas given can be useful for an approximate assessment.

In order to promptly receive answers to today's urgent questions regarding the conduct of valuation and the development of valuation activities in Ukraine, The Pan-Ukrainian Association of Valuation Specialists (PUAVS) launched an online discussion club of the PUAVS – «Discourse PUAVS». This time, the online meeting of appraisers will be held to continue discussing the published Draft Law of Ukraine «On Property Valuation», the changes that will occur after the adoption of this draft in its current version as a Law.

In order to promptly receive answers to today's urgent questions regarding the conduct of valuation and the development of valuation activities in Ukraine, The Pan-Ukrainian Association of Valuation Specialists (PUAVS) launched an online discussion club of PUAVS – «Discourse PUAVS». This time, the online meeting of appraisers will be held to familiarize themselves with the published provisions of the Draft Law of Ukraine «On Property Valuation» and the consequences that will arise after the adoption of this Law.

The article explores the phenomenon of Van Gogh not only as a brilliant artist but also as a powerful cultural brand. The authors show how his name has become synonymous with artistic value, illustrated by record-breaking sales of his works. The focus is on the ten most expensive Van Gogh paintings, including «Orchard with Cypresses», «Portrait of Dr. Gachet», «Irises», and others. The article examines the history behind these masterpieces, their journey through private collections, and details of major auctions. It also touches on the tragic aspects of Van Gogh’s life, which—paradoxically—have only increased the commercial success of his art on the global market. The article highlights that the most renowned paintings were created during the last years of his life, a period marked by psychological struggles but also by his greatest artistic achievements.

For the attention of appraisers! Clarification on the entry into force of the ORDER of the State Property Fund of Ukraine dated 05/26/2025 № 765 «Some issues in the field of professional appraisal activities», despite the fact that it has state registration with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine under № 896/44302 dated June 10, 2025.

For the attention of appraisers! Finally, the long-awaited transition to new directions is becoming a reality. On June 10, 2025, the ORDER of the State Property Fund of Ukraine dated 05/26/2025 No. 765 «Some issues in the field of professional appraisal activities» was registered in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The full text of the ORDER of SPFU is attached.

The article examines the stages (phases) of the development of the real estate market of Ukraine (using the example of the million-person city of Kharkiv) in the context of changes in price indicators for the period from 1993 to 2021 inclusive. An analysis of changes in price indicators in such market segments as residential real estate (apartments in apartment buildings); office real estate; commercial real estate; industrial and warehouse real estate was performed. The depth of price changes and the duration of the growth and decline phases in the market were studied. The geometric moving average for 5, 10, 15 and 20 years of retrospective price changes was studied, in fact for a 24-year period. Historical price volatility was studied in terms of market segments that have formed in Ukraine. The results of a retrospective study of market price indicators can serve as the basis for their forecasting.

The value of artworks is formed mainly through auction sales, which set the upper limit of the market price. However, art is also sold in galleries, at fairs and privately, and in each case it is important to accurately determine its price. This is especially true for painting - the most common category of cultural values and an attractive investment object. Unlike real estate or technology, art is not valued according to classical economic principles (utility, substitution, most efficient use), but is based on irrational factors: the name of the author, provenance, previous sales, exhibition in museums, etc.

The article discusses the popularity and high prices of the works of Amedeo Modigliani, an Italian artist with a recognizable style. The authors analyze how a tragic biography, a lack of reliable documentation, and frequent forgeries have made his art an object of interest for collectors, experts, and forgers. The most popular genres of his work and factors affecting the price of paintings are also considered.

Following the publication of IVSC Statement «Prudential Property Valuation: Our Efforts to Ensure Transparency and Consistency» in July 2023, and as a result of extensive discussion and engagement with key stakeholders, IVSC published a new statement on the provision of property valuation for secured lending within EU on its website on 28 April 2025. Continuing the discussion of the challenges of quantifying prudential value, we provide a Ukrainian translation of this latest IVSC statement.

This article explores the life and artistic journey of Yayoi Kusama — the world-renowned Japanese artist and queen of pop art. Her work, known for its vibrant colors, repeating patterns, and mirrored installations, has become an iconic symbol of contemporary culture. The authors recount her childhood traumas, struggles with mental illness, path to recognition, and the immense success she achieved later in life. Yayoi Kusama transformed her personal pain into art that has captivated millions around the globe.

Dear colleagues! The State Property Fund of Ukraine, the International Institute of Business, and the Ukrainian Society of Appraisers have the honor to invite you to the scientific and practical conference «Appraisal Activities in Ukraine: Origins, Present, and Future Prospects», dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the awarding of the first certificates to appraisers in independent Ukraine.

Dear colleagues! Your attention is offered to the publication of Dr. Tech. of Sciences, by Professor Valery Yakubovskyi in co-authorship with Kateryna Zhuk, in which the importance of taking into account the time horizon factor in determining the prudential and maximum level of the value of property provided as collateral is considered. The authors propose a stochastic approach to assessing the extremes of asset value based on the Samuelson model. The results of the study make it possible to substantiate the correction coefficients for the market value of property, taking into account market volatility and the confidence level. The methodology has been tested on examples of the real estate markets of Ukraine and the United Kingdom.